An investigation into microfungal diversity, antifungal susceptibility and soil fertility indicators in student residences of tertiary institution

Abstract

This study examined the diversity of microfungal populations in relation to soil fertility indicators and public health implications within a female hostel in a tertiary institution. The findings revealed significant variations in fungal abundance over the course of one year. Airborne fungal levels ranged from 3.31 × 10² CFU/min/m² in August to 6.86 × 10² CFU/min/m² in January, while corresponding soil fungal populations ranged from 1.44 × 10⁴ to 9.72 × 10⁴ CFU/g. Air samples recorded higher mean fungal populations during the dry season (6.03 × 10² CFU/min/m²) compared to the wet season (4.37 × 10² CFU/min/m²). Similarly, soil samples showed higher mean fungal populations in the dry season (8.71 × 10⁴ CFU/g) than in the wet season (6.76 × 10⁴ CFU/g). The first quarter exhibited the highest airborne fungal population (6.03 × 10² CFU/min/m²). No significant differences were observed among quarters at p ≤ 0.05, except between the first and third quarters. A diverse range of fungal species was identified, including potentially pathogenic strains such as Alternaria alternata, Chrysosporium tropicum, and various microfungi, including Aspergillus species. Although overall soil quality was considered suitable, deficiencies in nitrogen, potassium, and sulfate were observed. A weak correlation was found between fungal abundance and most soil quality parameters, except for nitrate (−0.64), calcium (−0.50), magnesium (−0.45), and zinc (−0.41). Additionally, the isolated fungal strains exhibited resistance to Nystatin and Griseofulvin but were susceptible to Ketoconazole. The study highlights the need for further research to better understand the mechanisms influencing these patterns and their implications for soil quality and public health.

Keywords: Microfungi, fungal diversity, soil fertility, Aspergillus species.